Starry fireflies
Firefly light organs, the female end of the abdomen grows in three sections, from the appearance of just a layer of silver transparent film, which is fluorescent pigment. If this layer film opened under a magnifying glass, you can see thousands of photoluminescent pigment suppliers light-emitting cells, then the following is reflective layer, a light emitting cells in peripheral nerve branches thick with fine small trachea and dense. The main material in the light emitting cells is luciferase and luciferin. When the fireflies start activity, rapid breathing, inhaling a large body of oxygen, oxygen through a small tube into the light-emitting cells with fluorescein in the cell plays a catalyst role in the interaction when luciferase, luciferin will be activated to produce bio-oxidation reaction led Pitt Yingying fireflies emit light belly to. Also, because the fireflies different respiratory rhythm, light and dark when they "flash signal" form. People After the study, the luminescence process, the column a simple formula:
Luciferase role
Luciferin + oxygen ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ → fluoresce
Firefly luciferase in vivo is not inexhaustible, luminescent films NA me many times that they constantly emit light energy is come from? The original energy from adenosine triphosphate (referred to as ATP), which is everything in vivo supply of energy substances. Firefly body with this energy, not only uninterrupted light, and the brightness is also strong. Only light-emitting structure can not be light, but also a brain systems regulate disposal. If an experiment, the removal of the head of fireflies, glowing mechanism loses effect. Countdown female abdominal section 2,3 entire section can be light, looks like for broadband-like, while the distal form only punctate light, it is both sides of the body section can also be seen from the back. Only males can shine distal abdomen, and the female abdomen distal same, also showed two spots of light.
Egg, larva, pupa can shine. Eggs are not just given birth to luminous, but the approach of hatching from the egg shell outside the visible two points of light. Have proved that it is caused by the larvae in the egg shell activity, therefore, is actually the larvae have light hair formation. Larvae countdown end of the abdomen visible light emitter Section 2, but only two points of light hair, it can be seen from the back. 4-5 days after pupation, pupal abdomen on both sides of each end of a visible spot, but the pupae are doing cocoon sediment chamber, so it is not visible luminescence.
Firefly luminous efficiency is very high, almost able to completely converted to chemical energy visible light, modern electric light efficiency several times to several times. As the light from the body of chemicals, therefore, fireflies emit light to light but no heat, though, does not produce a magnetic field, people call this light is "cold." As the fireflies light without radiant heat, physicists think that is very ideal lighting, because when things generally light, but also heat, such as lit candles. Another example is the lamp open - after light bulbs are also red hot. However, people do not need light fever, if it photoluminescent pigment suppliers could not create the same heat as the fireflies light that would be ideal. Thirty years ago, it simulates the principle of creating a firefly glowing fluorescent (Fluorescent), the base - the upper reaches of this requirement.
With the development of science, fluorescence applications are increasingly widespread. Check the food content using fluorescent bacteria containing explosive gas in the mine using fluorescent lighting in the arsenal of lights, LED underwater lights, and no not the fluorescence. American biochemist fireflies light emitting principle and mechanism, put forward the principle of electron transfer reactions, which can be explained by corrosion, photosynthesis, especially the development of the use of lasers, and therefore won the 1992 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
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